Abstract:
From a developmental psychology perspective, this study explores how small-scale
bookstores create a distinct developmental setting compared to libraries or online
platforms. Unlike libraries, they combine learning with a shopping environment
where decisions and purchasing behaviours mirror psychological needs across
different life stages. Unlike online platforms, they offer face-to-face interactions,
immediate access to resources and a sense of belonging within the community. In
addition, these small-scale bookshops contribute to local economic growth while
simultaneously acting as informal learning spaces that nurture intellectual, emotional
and social development throughout the lifespan. The aim of this study is to explore
how small-scale bookstores function as spaces for development, fostering intellectual
curiosity, language skills, emotional well-being and social interaction to promote
lifelong learning across different phases of human growth. Using a qualitative
approach, data were collected through purposive sampling. Data saturation was
achieved by triangulating these methods, such as six interviews, two focus group
discussions with three staff members and customers, and systematic observations.
The recurrence of similar insights across interviews and focus groups confirmed the
adequacy of data and provided a well-rounded understanding of bookstore
engagement. Thematic analysis revealed age-specific reading preferences: children
gravitated toward picture books, adolescents relied on resource guides, adults
preferred self-help and fiction, and older adults chose novels and political texts. These
trends align with developmental psychology theories of cognitive, emotional and
social growth, illustrating how bookstores adapt to changing needs across the life
course. Ultimately, the study contributes theoretical insights into how developmental
psychology can explain consumer book choices while offering practical implications
for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to design bookshop
environments that foster lifelong learning and strengthen community development.
