Abstract:
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) having a unique crystal structure of ABX3 (A-Monovalent Cation,
B-Divalent Cation, X-Halogen anion) that provides good power conversion efficiency (PCE) in cost-effective
photovoltaic. The main reason for its crucial role in today’s photovoltaic is its rapidly increased PCE up to
22.1% within a few years. This highest PCE obtained by only using lead (Pb) as light absorbing material;
although, chemical instability and environmental hazards of lead are still a big challenge. Stability can be
improved by modifying the halogen ions (Cl-, Br- and I-) and exchanging divalent cation (CH3NH3I). Even the
percentage of lead consumption in perovskite is low, but it causes more harm to the environment and also
acts as a carcinogenic agent for humans due to its water solubility and chemical instability. In the path of
lead-free perovskite solar cells, we made a try of doping divalent metals with the Pb as an absorbing
layer and analysed. The absorbance of the active layer is analysed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. X-Ray
Diffractometer result confirms the structure of perovskite. I-V characteristics of fabricated PSC device have
been analysed by Keithley Source Meter-2450.
