Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore the key factors affecting the reproductive
efficiency of cattle, including conception rate and breeding methods. It also seeks
to understand some basic aspects of cattle management in the Jaffna district of Sri
Lanka. Out of the fourteen veterinary divisions, five veterinary divisions, viz.
Nallur, Chavakachcheri, Vaddukoddai, Point Pedro, and Kopay were selected for
the study, where AI was performed at a higher rate than the rest of the divisions.
Data was collected through primary and secondary sources using questionnaires,
personal interviews, and veterinary records. Results revealed that majority of the
dairy farmers were males, middle aged with primary education level. Major
sources of animals were bred on the farm or other sources such as neighbours
and private farms. Cattle were mainly managed under an extensive system of
management. Predominantly men managed the herds. The majority of farmers
(90%) possessed Jersey, Jersey crosses and indigenous cattle. Age at first calving
of most of the breeds relied within the optimum range of 2 to 2.5 years except
Sahiwal which had the longest age at first calving. Indigenous cattle recorded the
lowest milk yield. Except indigenous cattle all other breeds recorded longer
calving interval than the optimum calving interval of 12 to 13 months. Higher
conception rates were observed in cows aged 2–2.5 years across all veterinary
divisions. Most of the farmers mentioned no seasonal differences pertaining to
conception rate. Conception rate was high when inseminations were carried out
during morning or afternoon hours. Demographic factors like gender, age,
education level and family size influenced the number of animals served and
breeding methods. In could be concluded that the reproductive performance is not
up to the standard in the study area. There are factors which influence reproductive
performance, conception rate, number of animals served and breeding methods.
Action should be taken to improve the reproductive efficiency which will enhance
the productive performance of cattle.
