Abstract:
Rice has been cultivated in Sri Lanka for over 2,000 years, with traditional farming
methods deeply rooted in the nation's agricultural heritage. Despite its historical significance, rice
production in Sri Lanka faces significant challenges from pests and diseases that significantly affect
the production. This chapter explores the evolving landscape of fungal diseases impacting rice
cultivation in Sri Lanka and their implications for food security. Over time, these diseases have
exhibited complex and shifting patterns, complicating management efforts. Identifying symptoms has
become increasingly difficult as they often deviate from previously documented patterns, and new,
unidentified diseases continue to emerge, requiring extended research to determine their causal agents.
The chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical evolution of these diseases and their
impact on rice production. It also provides an overview of traditional and modern breeding
techniques, including Marker-Assisted Selection and genetic engineering, highlighting their potential
applications and limitations in developing resistant rice cultivars. It also examines the vital roles of
government policies, research institutions, and international collaborations in supporting fungal
disease management. Additionally, the chapter addresses challenges such as limited genetic diversity
and financial constraints in cultivar development and adoption. Concluding with insights into future
trends and technological advancements in disease management, the chapter underscores the
importance of a collaborative approach to enhance resilience in rice production and strengthen food
security in Sri Lanka.
