Abstract:
The rising demand for electricity, economic benefits, and environmental pressures related
to the use of fossil fuels are driving electricity generation mostly from renewable energy sources.
One of the main challenges in renewable energy generation is uncertainty involved in forecasting
because of the intermittent nature of renewable sources. The demand also varies according to the
time of day, the season, the location, the climate, and the availability of resources. Microgrids offer
a potential solution for the integration of small-scale renewable energy sources and loads along
with energy storage systems and other non-renewable sources. However, intermittent generation
and varying demand need to be matched to provide stable power to consumers. Therefore, it is
crucial to design an energy management system to effectively manage the energy sources and supply
loads for reliable and efficient operation. This paper reviews different techniques proposed in the
literature to achieve the objectives of a microgrid energy management system. The benefits of existing
energy management systems and their challenges are also discussed. The challenges associated with
uncertainties and methods to overcome them are critically reviewed.
