Abstract:
This study aims to assess the optimal unloading force range for human comfort
by considering NiTi archwires in different bending settings, based on previous research
findings. All the relative data has been collected from different databases such as PubMed,
Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and USM library. The publications from 2007 till
February 2023 have been incorporated. Several parameters related to orthodontics,
especially the usage of three brackets and three-point bending with respect to optimal tooth
force were taken into consideration. These parameters, however, included various aspects
like the shape memory effect, bending temperature, friction, and gingival/labial direction.
ISO standards pertaining to the bending tests were also contemplated in this review. The
study examined 74 articles related to orthodontic tooth movement, three brackets, and
three-point bending. In fact, this review was done to analyze the force deflection behavior
and related parameters to orthodontics. For this, among 74 selected research items, 15
studies gave information about the optimal tooth force, 8 focused on the optimal ranges,
while 7 reports indicated the higher rates of tooth force. All these studies illustrated the
considerable variation in methodology and clinical diversity in terms of applied forces. This
article summarizes previous investigations on orthodontic tooth force, highlighting the ideal
range of 0.2 to 1.5 N. It concludes that maximum force decreases with greater inter-bracket
distance but increases with wire deflection and testing temperature. Proper force
management is emphasized as crucial for preventing unwanted tooth movement and its
biological consequences.
