Abstract:
Introduction
Urolithiasis, a common urological disorder affecting the global population, demonstrates geographical
diversity due to factors such as water quality, climate variations, health conditions, and dietary habits. This
study, conducted in Northern Sri Lanka, examines urinary stone compositions and assesses the prevalence
of metabolic disorders among urolithiasis patients.
Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted at Jaffna Teaching Hospital, Jaffna, Sri Lanka, from July
2022 to June 2023, focused on surgically treated urolithiasis patients. Institutional ethical clearance was
obtained. Patient details and investigational findings were collected through questionnaires and data
extraction forms. Stone analysis utilized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a detailed metabolic
evaluation of a 24-hour urine collection sample was carried out.
Results
This study followed 153 surgically treated urolithiasis patients, primarily male (64.3%), with a mean age of
48.64. Ureteric colic (48.4%) was common, with kidney stones (45.8%) prevalent; 57.52% had recurrent
stones. Diabetes mellitus (DM; 23.5%) was the top comorbidity. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones
(78.4%) were the most frequent, followed by uric acid (12.4%). COM predominated in the 40-59 age group.
There was no significant gender-stone type association. A total of 86.9% had metabolic abnormalities,
notably hypocitraturia (60.1%). Moreover, 23% had both hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria. Some
metabolic disorders showed gender differences, with a marginal age-metabolic disorder association (p <
0.061). Urine oxalate levels were normal, with higher variability in males.
Conclusion
Middle-aged males with urolithiasis commonly presented with ureteric colic and predominantly had COM
stones. Recurrent stones were common, often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities such as
hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria, with DM as the primary comorbidity.
