http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12040 JILC Mon, 06 Apr 2026 12:45:53 GMT 2026-04-06T12:45:53Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12118 In Search Of The Holy Grail Of Ai Accountability: A Brief Primer On The Artificial Intelligence Act Mohanty, S.; Avanti, D.; Bharatha Chakravarthy, H. In 2021, the European Commission introduced the Artificial Intelligence Act (hereinafter ‘AIA’), a landmark legislative framework aimed at regulating AI systems. This initiative builds on earlier efforts, such as ethical guidelines for trustworthy AI, expert advisory bodies, and regulatory sandboxes like Spain's AI testing environment. The AIA is poised to become a blueprint for global AI governance, addressing growing calls for regulatory oversight amid rapid technological advancements. This article explores the issue of liability in the context of artificial intelligence systems, focusing on attributing responsibility for real-world harm caused by AI systems and the complexity of legislating against this. Our examination exploits two frameworks used widely in the philosophy of automata: the identity and accountability gaps in culpability. The “identity gap” questions whether AI systems can be considered legal persons, a status typically reserved for entities with legal rights and obligations. Arguing that consciousness is not required for liability, we compare AI with artificial personhood for corporations. Instances where non-humans have been found vicariously or directly liable for utilitarian reasons are cited to support personhood. The article then transitions to the accountability gap, analysing policy approaches for assigning responsibility. Examples such as the fatal accident involving an Uber self-driving vehicle and social media political deepfakes highlight the need for clear regulations. The meteoric rise of AI has posed numerous challenges for policymakers and legal scholars. Scholars like Prof. Gabriel Halevi and John Kingston have proposed liability models for AI-based entities, but their adoption across diverse legal systems remains uncertain. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12118 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12117 Bridging The Justice Gap: A Critical Analysis Of Judicial Accessibility In Northern Province Of Sri Lanka : Challenges And Comparative Insights Dasalya, B.L.D. The population of Sri Lanka largely comprises five ethnic communities; Sinhala, Tamil, Muslim, Burgher and Veddha. These groups' livelihoods and settlements are significantly influenced by historical and regional causes. The Northern Province, which is primarily populated by Tamil people, is significant since it is the third largest province by land yet one of the smallest in population. This research article will examine despite its low population density, the province's wide geographical breadth creates particular obstacles for ensuring equal access to justice. This research critically investigates the sufficiency of judicial infrastructure in the Northern Province, focusing on whether the existing courts meet the population’s needs. Further, based on geographical extent, population distribution, and court density, this research paper contends that the number of Courts in the Northern Province is insufficient and leads to delay of justice. To substantiate this claim, a comparative analysis of the Western, Uva, and North Central Provinces is conducted and illustrates regional variations in judicial resources and access to legal services. Additionally, this research explores the geographical position of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka and establishes the argument that these geographical locations have created logistical barriers for the aggrieved parties from the Northern Province. Based on the research, this article will discuss how these circumstances frequently cause justice to be delayed and challenge the right of equal protection under law, access to justice guaranteed by Sri Lankan Constitution. To strengthen this argument, this research paper references international standards of access to justice, evaluating the country's compliance with these standards and identifying areas for reform. On the other hand, this research highlights the merits of the existing courts in the Northern Province. By identifying these challenges, this research emphasises the importance of judicial reforms to overcome regional disparities in access to justice, particularly in neglected areas like the Northern Province. It also emphasises the significance of integrating Sri Lanka's judicial infrastructure with international standards so that all citizens, regardless of geography, can exercise their Fundamental Rights to justice, effectively and fairly. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12117 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12110 Is Patron-Client Politics Changing The Voting Behaviour Of The Up-Country Tamils? Thathsarani Sandarekha, H. Sri Lankan plantation workers have celebrated two centuries since their arrival in Sri Lanka. However, the plantation workers who migrated from India to this country are still showing negative values in the development index instead of positive values. These workers, who contribute to the successful maintenance of Sri Lanka’s export economy and earn a large portion of the GDP, have been moving out of the plantation sector for new job opportunities for several decades. Although research has been conducted in Sri Lanka on this trend, it has not been linked to the patron-client politics. Therefore, there is a research gap in Sri Lanka that needs to be addressed. The research aims to fill it. Therefore, this research is important in terms of the implementation of state policies in Sri Lanka, socially, in terms of the problems and conditions of the social body of the plantation people, and academically, in terms of presenting new knowledge to the field of political science. The primary objective of the study was to explore whether there has been a change in the political behaviour of workers migrating out of the plantations for new jobs and workers traditionally employed in the plantation sector, despite the traditional dominance of political parties and trade unions in the plantation sector, through the theory of patron-client relationships. The research was conducted under the inductive method and hypotheses were formulated and qualitative data were collected to verify them. The research strategies used in it were focus group discussions, expert interviews, public participation programs and document review. The data collected using these strategies concluded that the implementation of patron-client politics in the plantation sector is limited. Although the ability to determine the political behaviour of the people in the plantation sector has shifted to some extent from political parties and trade unions, their dominance in the plantation sector still persists. Therefore, the research confirmed that the political behaviour of both workers moving out of the plantations and workers within the plantations has not been subject to very intense dynamics. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12110 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12109 Democratic Political Change And Governance Transformation: Prospects And Challenges Dian Shah, A.H. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12109 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z