Micro-Regional Disparities in Temperature and Precipitation Trends Across Tourism Destinations in the Trincomalee District, Sri Lanka (1981–2024)

Abstract

The Trincomalee District is strategically positioned at the nexus of Sri Lanka's Northern and Eastern Provinces, rendering it a pivotal locale both geographically and economically, particularly as a distinguished hub for tourism. This geographical confluence engenders intricate microclimatic phenomena that exhibit substantial variability across different sectors of the district. A comprehensive understanding of these climatic fluctuations is imperative for fostering sustainable development, especially in the realms of tourism enhancement and resource management. The primary objective of this study is to analyse the micro-regional variations of temperature and precipitation of the Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka. To this end, the study integrates satellite imagery with meticulous meteorological data to rigorously analyze prevailing climate patterns. Employing sophisticated statistical methodologies, such as the Mann-Kendall trend test, enables the detection of significant temporal alterations in temperature and precipitation. Sen’s slope estimator further quantifies the velocity of these climatic trends, offering profound insights into the magnitude of environmental shifts. The utilization of ArcGIS software facilitates spatial interpolation, culminating in detailed cartographic representations that vividly depict microclimatic disparities throughout the region. Data on temperature indicates that Serunuwera sustains an average of approximately 27.4°C, whereas Kuchchavali exhibits marginally higher temperatures at 28.3°C, reflecting localized thermal variations. Precipitation metrics reveal pronounced disparities, with urban Trincomalee receiving roughly 959.3 mm annually, contrasted by Mullipothana, which records up to 1955.3 mm—nearly double the amount. Seasonal fluctuations in rainfall are particularly evident in Kinniya and Serunuwera, underscoring the dynamic nature of seasonal climatic patterns. These spatial and temporal heterogeneities complicate the formulation of uniform development policies across the district, necessitating bespoke strategies tailored to diverse microclimates. Ultimately, this research establishes a detailed climatic baseline, equipping policymakers with the essential foundation to craft region-specific strategies. The insights derived from this study are crucial for fostering balanced regional growth that accommodates the district’s diverse microclimate conditions.