http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/1 Thu, 30 Apr 2026 16:55:55 GMT 2026-04-30T16:55:55Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12585 Title: A textual study of Kirigai disorders in Siddha Medicine Authors: Miraaj, R.; Krishna, S.; Sritharan, A. Abstract: The Siddha system of Medicine, one of Tamil tradition's ancient healing sciences, presents a comprehensive understanding of mental health through concepts rooted in the equilibrium of the three humors such as Vali, Azhal, and Iyyam which formed from the Panchabootham. Disturbances in this humoral balance are believed to manifest as mental disorders. Among the 4,448 diseases described by the Siddhars, 18 psychiatric conditions, collectively termed Kirigai Noi, were elaborated by Sage Agasthiyar and further clarified by Sage Yugi Munivar. The objective of this study is to systematically explore and interpret the descriptions of psychiatric disorders found in authentic Siddha texts. Data for this study were collected from classical Siddha textbooks and relevant research publications available through credible online sources. The collected information was subjected to content analysis, and sincere efforts were made to consolidate and describe traditional concepts related to Kirigai Noi. Siddha literature attributes mental illness to physiological derangements of Udal Thadukkal and disruptions in the psychological faculties as Manam, Buddhi, Sitham, and Agangaram which form part of the 96 Thathuvam. The detailed symptomatology of the 18 Kirigai Noi types demonstrates notable parallels with contemporary psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, mania, depression, neurotic disorders, convulsive conditions, and substance-related psychiatric disturbances. Analysis of Naadi findings, particularly the predominance of Piththa Naadi in psychiatric disorders, further supports the Siddha theoretical framework regarding mental illness. This study highlights how humoral imbalances, psychological constructs, and diagnostic pulse interpretations described in Siddha texts contribute to a holistic understanding of mental disorders. Overall, the exploration underscores the depth of Siddha psychiatric knowledge and its potential relevance to integrative mental health approaches. By aligning classical descriptions with modern psychiatric perspectives, this study demonstrates how Siddha insights may complement contemporary mental health practices and provide a broader framework for understanding and managing psychiatric conditions. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12585 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12533 Title: Cigarette use among the 16 to 20 years school Students of rural area of Navatkulli, Jaffna Authors: Miraaj, R.; Miraaj, V. Abstract: A cigarette is a narrow cylinder of finely cut tobacco leaves that are rolled into thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing the cigarette to smolder and allowing smoke to be inhaled from the other end. Cigarette manufacturers have described cigarette as a drug administration system for the delivery of nicotine in acceptable and attractive form. Cigarette are addictive (because of nicotine) and cause cancer, heart problems, and other health problems. In 2015, over 1.1 billion people smoked tobacco. Far more males than females smoked tobacco. Although it is declining worldwide and in many countries, the prevalence of tobacco smoking appears to be increasing in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region and the African region. This cross sectional study is about the cigarette use among the male school students between the ages of 16-20 year at rural area of Navatkuli, Jaffna between Octobers to December 2017. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and age initiation of cigarette use among school students in rural area of Navatkuli, Jaffna. The study included 100 male students of Navatkuli area and the data was collected by researchers through a self- administered questionnaire. A total of 100 male students between the ages of 16-20 year were included for this study. Here 29(29%) cigarette used students were screened and 16 years is the age initiation of cigarette use among school students. Here the prevalence of cigarette usage to be increased with their age. 20 years students have the high smoking habit than other ages. Parent's behavior, social pressure, their environment & friends are found to be the most common causes of initiating and addicting cigarette usage of students. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12533 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12532 Title: Medicinal Plants Used in The Treatment of Skin Diseases at Mattuvil Shivankovilady Area - A Field Survey Authors: Sathiyaseelan, V.; Gokularaj, V. Abstract: This paper represents the medicinally important plants used in Skin diseases which were identified in Mattuvil Shivankovilady area. Skin diseases are most common in world wide. It has two of the main causes are changes of life style and diet pattern, which an Individual follows either knowingly or unknowingly following these that's against the season or Prakriti of a person creates an imbalance in bodily energies, thus contaminating the body tissues to produce a skin disease. In Siddha, skin diseases are caused due to imbalances in all the three Doshas, the prime Dosha involved is Pitta. Excess Pitta in the blood can result in breakouts on the skin. Totally 105 medicinal plants belong to 46 families was identified from the study area. During our field visit we identified rich diversity of medicinal plant in Northern province (Jeyaweera 1991) including skin diseases. Out of these 35 family plants (59 plants) were used in skin disease. Leguminosae being the most frequently (12.38%) represented family. Plants mentioned in this survey have shown many pharmacological properties (15 types). Mostly 18 plants have an anthelmintic action. Among these plants 26 (44.07%) used only externally. And most dominant plant part was leaf (62.71%). Organoleptic characteristics of these 59 plants mostly were 32 (54.24%) bitter in taste, 39 (66.10 %) hot in potency, 44 (74.58%) post digestive state in Kaarpu. All of these medicinal plants were found in this area and we want to protect the medicinal valuable plants on their natural habitat and further pharmacological and establish the form of preparations with the modern techniques. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12532 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12531 Title: Present Status and Conservative Strategy of "Piramanthanaru" in Visuvamadu, Kilinochi District - A Field Survey Authors: Sathiyaseelan, V.; Beron, V.A. Abstract: Siddha system is the ancient Dravidian system of medicine. The word "Siddha medicine" means established truth. In practice generally the plants used often in the compound form to which either herbs, metals, minerals and animals products are added, but mostly herbs are the common ingredients of siddha drugs. Objective of my study is "Present status and conservative strategy of Piramanthanaru in Visuvamadu, Kilinochi district". The research was carried out on June 2017. The area map was used to record the medicinal plants. Siddha literatures were used to analyzed the medicinal plants. 95 medicinal plants were identified in the significant area. Among this 95 medicinal plants according to the taxonomical morphology 26 (27.36%) are big trees, 19 (20%) are small trees, 14 (14.73%) are herbs, 15 (15.78%) are shrubs, 10 (10.52%) are climbers, 7 (7.36%) are moderate trees and 4 (4.21%) are creepers. Based on their self-span 67 (70.5%) plants are perennial, 12 (12.63%) are biannual and 11 (11.37%) are annual plants. Through my study I discovered 79 (83.16%) are common and 16 (16.84%) are rare for this zone. Among this 95 medicinal plants 4 (4.21%) are spinaches 4 (4.21%) are poisonous plants and 3 (3.75%) are rejuvenating herbs. According to the siddha pharmacodynamics, among this 95 medicinal plants 65 (68.42%) plants have hot in potency (Thanmai) and 30 (31.57%) have cold in potency. From this survey I found 67 (70.52%) plants have the post digestive effect (Vipakam) of bitter and 28 (29.47%) have sweet effect. According to the taste (Suvai) among this 95 plants 57 (60%) plants contains bitter taste, 39 (41.05%) are astringent taste, 28 (29.47%) are sweet taste, 13 (13.68%) are pungent taste, 4 (4.21%) are sour taste and there has no salt taste plants in this zone. According to the parts used of medicine from this 95 medicinal plants 39 (41%) plants' leaves 24 (25.2%) roots, 19 (20%) fruits, 17 (17.8%) bark, 17 (17.8%) flowers, 8 (8.4%) root bark, 8 (8.4%) whole plants, 2 (2.1%) buds are used for medicine. According to the secretions of the medicinal plants, 2 (2.1%) secrete gum and 2 (2.1%) secrete latex, 1 (1.05%) secrete resins and 4 (1.05%) secrete goals. This paper attempts to give awareness on conservation of medicinal plants, gives the present status of medicinal plants in the Piramanthanaru area. I suggest to declare this significant zone as a protectable zone and the steps should be taken against destroy of the medicinal plants and also the farmers should be encouraged to cultivate the possible medicinal plants in a proper way in this significant zone. Through my study I discovered many plants which identified in this zone are most important, very useful and rare plants for treating lots of diseases. I suggest the government can be built indigenous treatment centre in this surrounding area and give curative treatments with natural therapy in this natural site and also I think this is one of an attempt to increase the tourism income also. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12531 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z