http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/8047 2026-04-06T06:02:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/12003 Title: Radial artery aneurysm in the anatomical snuff box: a rare case with uncertain aetiology Authors: Thananchyan, H.; Satchithanantham, V.; Mahilrajan, G.; Sivamayuran, V. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/11432 Title: Global Andrology Forum (GAF) Clinical Guidelines on the Management of Non-obstructive Azoospermia: Bridging the Gap between Controversy and Consensus Authors: Hamoda, T.; Shah, R.; Mostafa, T.; Germar-Michael, P.; Atmoko, W.; Balagobi, B. Abstract: Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate due to testicular failure, is observed in 5% to 15% of infertile men and accounts for two-thirds of azoospermia cases. The management of NOA is marked by significant controversy and global variation in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, highlighting the crucial need for well-designed and standardized clinical practice guidelines. We present comprehensive graded clinical practice recommendations and statements for diagnosing and treating NOA, aiming to establish standardized strategies that can glob- ally help guide practitioners in their practice. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather evidence on the epidemiological, di- agnostic, and therapeutic aspects of NOA. The Global Andrology Forum (GAF) recommendations were developed through the collaboration of a global panel of experts using the Delphi method and surveys to achieve consensus. Statements were graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine “GRADE” classification as either “Strong” or “Weak.” Statements receiving at least 80% expert consensus were graded as “Strong,” while others were categorized as “Weak.” Results: The GAF has formulated a total of 49 recommendations and statements on the diagnosis and treatment of NOA, in- cluding 21 for diagnosis and 28 for treatment. The recommendations and statements were evaluated and graded by a panel of 48 GAF experts from 25 countries worldwide. The majority of experts (60.5%) had more than 10 years of clinical experi- ence in managing NOA. Conclusions: The GAF guidelines address discrepancies in NOA management across diverse clinical settings and provide comprehensive graded recommendations to guide clinicians in its diagnosis and treatment. Developed and graded by a large worldwide panel of experts, the current guidelines present simplified, high-standard strategies that can be seamlessly inte- grated into the daily global practice, offering practitioners a clear framework for managing NOA. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/11283 Title: Assessment of Urinary Stone Chemical Compositions and Prevalence of Metabolic Disorders among Urolithiasis Patients in Northern Sri Lanka: A Prospective Study Authors: Balagobi, B.; Rajendra, S.; Vinojan, S.; Sarma, S.T.; Sripandurangana, R.; Varothayan, S.; Vishnuja, S. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repo.lib.jfn.ac.lk/ujrr/handle/123456789/11170 Title: Updates in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Authors: Gobishangar, S.; Thayalan Dias, S.; Rajendra, S.; Sarma, S.T. Abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialised endoscopic procedure for managing pancreatic and biliary diseases. Earlier in the 1970s, ERCP was mainly used for diagnostic purposes to evaluate the biliary and pancreatic ducts and surrounding structures. But nowadays, as noninvasive imaging studies advance, it is primarily used for therapeutic purposes though it is used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Therapeutic ERCP is broadly used in conditions that lead to impairment in bile flow and leak. The requirement of the ERCP extended further for evaluation of pancreatitis of unknown aetiology, preoperative evaluation of the patient with chronic pancreatitis and evaluation of the sphincter of Oddi by manometry. Patients should be selected with a clear-cut indication for ERCP, avoiding unnecessary or marginally indicated ERCP, especially in high-risk patients. ERCP is usually performed using a dedicated side-viewing endoscope with the patient positioned prone on a fluoroscopy table under sedation or general anaesthesia. Proper positioning of the duodenoscope is the key to cannulation of the pancreatic or common bile ducts. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z